The word motivation is commonly used to express why a person carries out an action. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to learn something new.
There has been a lot of research into human motivation. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs consists of a five-tier model of human needs of which we are naturally motivated to fulfil.
Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
The theory suggests that there are different levels of motivation, as long as an individual’s basic needs are met a person is naturally motivated to fulfil psychological needs and thereafter self-fulfilment needs (self-actualisation).
We are all motivated through the same needs and requirements, however the degree to which an individual is motivated can vary from person to person based on differences in personality traits. For example, one team member may work more effectively when they are given a task with specific outcomes and then allowed to get on with minimum support and supervision. Another team member may struggle in these situations and perform better with a team leader making frequent checks on their performance.
Hertzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation (otherwise known as dual-factor theory or motivation-hygiene theory) established two groups that determine motivation:
- Motivator Factors – these factors lead to job satisfaction and motivate employees to work harder. For example feeling recognised for hard work, enjoying the day-to-day responsibilities of the job role and career progression.
- Hygiene Factors – if these factors are absent, they could lead to dissatisfaction within the workplace and a lack of motivation. For example inadequate working conditions, a lack of management, the quality of interpersonal relationships and salary.
According to Herzberg’s findings, these factors both influence motivation within the workplace yet work independently of each other. For example, the absence of a motivator factor such as recognition does not cause instant dissatisfaction, however its presence does influence motivation. On the other hand the presence of a hygiene factor, such as adequate working conditions does not cause increased satisfaction, however if this was taken away it would cause dissatisfaction and reduce motivation.
To help team member motivation it is important that both factors are considered. Provide recognition, feedback and support employees with career progression (motivator factors) while also maintain suitable working conditions and form supportive relationships (hygiene factors).